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Hey Daniel, you might find this recent paper interesting! They discuss autonomous assembly of ectopic LFs and stability over a few weeks in culture.
“Ectopic Lymphoid Follicle Formation and Human Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Responses Recapitulated in an Organ-on-a-Chip” from Goyal et.al. (2022)
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Hey Daniel, It is great to see growing interest in immune system models on a chip. We modeled lymph node or lymphoid follicle (upto 3 weeks) using Emulate S1 chip and Zoe culture module. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.202103241 show that primary human blood B- and T-lymphocytes autonomously assemble into ectopic LFs when cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix gel within an organ-on-a-chip microfluidic device. To explore utility for vaccine testing, autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells were integrated into LF Chips and when inoculated with commercial influenza vaccine, Plasma Cell formation and production of anti-hemagglutinin IgG were observed, as well as secretion of cytokines similar to those observed in vaccinated humans. Human LF chips demonstrated improved antibody responses to split virion influenza vaccination compared to 2D cultures, which were enhanced by addition of a squalene-in-water emulsion adjuvant. This demonstrates the ability of the human Lymphoid Follicle Chip as an alternative to animal testing and predict human relevant response to vaccination and immunotherapies.
https://emulatebio.com/modeling-human-immune-response-lymphoid-follicle-organ-chips/
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